Baden-Powell Statue |
Protests have spread worldwide, and one such event in
Bristol, England, saw the statue of Edward Colston, an 18th century
slave owner, being torn from its plinth by protestors, dragged through the
streets, and dumped in Bristol harbour.
The place where Colston’s statue was dispatched to the harbour was
Pero’s Bridge; named after an 18th century slave, Pero Jones, who
was a well-known character in Bristol in his time. Whether the protestors were aware of the significance of the
bridge, or whether it was a complete coincidence remains unknown.
Since then protests in other parts of the UK have taken
place, as have statues being sprayed with graffiti. In one protest in London, a statue of Winston Churchill was so
attacked. However, bizarrely was the
Cenotaph, which is the central war memorial for the entire UK. One man also set light to a Union Flag atop
the Cenotaph. It is true that Winston
Churchill was an odious character; a racist, misogynist, anti-Semite, and class
elitist, who was responsible for a great number of deaths of unarmed and
innocent people. But the attack upon
the statue of the man many see as the victor of the Second World War, allied
with the attack upon the Cenotaph, and setting the Union Flag alight, certainly
set a great many people against the BLM movement and protests.
Some cities, including London, have responded by stating
that they will either remove statues, or where they cannot be removed, plaques
explaining the unsavoury past of the characters they represent, which is to be
applauded. At the same time, the
authorities claim to have a “hit list” or targeted statues, and one among those
was the statue of Lord Robert Baden-Powell, founder of the Boy Scouts, on
Brownsea Island, Poole, where the first Boy Scout camp took place.
The reasons for Baden-Powell’s statue apparently being
targeted were things he wrote during his lifetime. He was blatantly homophobic in his lifetime, admired Adolf Hitler,
once advised people to read Mein Kampf, and allegedly was seeking to ally the
English Boy Scout movement with the Hitlerjugend in Germany.
Of course, the Scouts never were allied with the Hitler
Youth, and had Baden-Powell, who died in 1941, known the enormity of the
brainwashing and brutality of that organisation, or indeed the enormity of the
horrors of the Nazi regime, which few knew until 1945, then he may well have
thought very differently. As to his homophobia,
well it is a well-known phenomena that those who speak out loudest against gays
are usually closet cases themselves, and that is almost certainly the case with
Robert Baden-Powell, whom many online biographies say was a closeted gay man.
I am not a big fan of Scouting myself, but then, I am not a
parent, and I am well aware that many children get a great deal from it, none
less than my two dear little great-nephews.
Likewise a friend of mine not only has a son who is very active in the
Scouts, but she is very active with the organisation herself. And I think this is an important point
here. The Scouts of today are no longer
the regimented, Empire loyalist organisation they were when I was a boy, and
kicked out of the cubs for refusing to swear allegiance to God and Queen, but
rather they are a modern, all-inclusive club, which helps to hone children’s
social skills, encourages them to achieve, and where all are welcome, including
LGBT+ children.
Therefore, to attack a statue of Robert Baden-Powell to me
seems a bit silly. The man himself was
never personally responsible for the death or oppression of anyone, but merely
wrote some highly questionable opinions.
And this makes me wonder if some protestors are going too far, and have
we entered the realm of Thoughtcrime?
There are many people in history who wrote and said many
questionable things, but that does not for one moment detract from the great
many other things they said, wrote, or did.
During one protest in Edinburgh, a cardboard placard was put around the
neck of a statue of David Hume, alleging he was a racist. Hume, the foremost empiricist and sceptical
philosophers of all time, probably did hold views which would be considered
racist by modern standards, but given he lived mostly in his native Edinburgh
from 1711 to 1776, his experience of anyone of any colour different to his own
would have been extremely limited. Even
today, with a population of only 5 million, Scotland simply does not have a
large number of ethnic minorities, and in Hume’s day, seeing a black face on
the streets of Edinburgh would have been something of a sensation. Can we then condemn Hume for holding views
that could be construed as racist by holding a 21st century candle
up to them? And do these views somehow
suddenly invalidate all the great things one of the fathers of modern
philosophy did say and write?
When we try to apply our modern mores to characters of the
past, we open up a whole can of worms.
And those on the political left may find that some of their heroes are
likewise hardly blameless.
Edinburgh was also the birthplace of Marie Stopes, pioneer
of family planning, after whom there are now clinics across the UK, and around
the world, which offer family planning information and resources, including
abortion. Therefore, many would see Marie
Stopes as a champion of women’s rights, and of a woman’s right to autonomy over
her own body, which she indeed was. Yet
Stopes was also a strong believer in and campaigner for Eugenics, and in her
1920 book Radiant Motherhood, she wrote, "inborn incapacity which lies in
the vast and ever increasing stock of degenerate, feeble-minded and unbalanced
who are now in our midst and who devastate social customs. These populate most
rapidly and tend proportionately to increase and these are like the parasite upon
the healthy tree sapping its vitality"
Marie Stopes’ answer to this was "when Bills are passed to ensure
the sterility of the hopelessly rotten and racially diseased, and to provide
for the education of the child-bearing woman so that she spaces her children
healthily, our race will rapidly quell the stream of the depraved, hopeless and
wretched lives which are at present increasing in proportion in our
midst" So in other words, Marie
Stopes believed in the enforced sterilisation, “by X-ray”, of women she deemed
to be “degenerate, feeble-minded and unbalanced”. and referred to as a
“prolific depravity”.
But let’s up the ante here.
Marie Stopes read Mein Kampf, and as a result started a correspondence
with Adolf Hitler, sharing views on Eugenics and the “master race”, and even
sent him poems. This admittedly was
however before the Nazis actually outlawed family planning, closed down clinics
first in Germany and later across Europe, and even executed doctors who offered
family planning, contraceptives, or abortions.
Do we then take down the blue plaque on Edinburgh’s High Street
that marks the birthplace of Marie Stopes?
Do we rename all of the Marie Stopes International clinics? Or do we recognise that she had some very
mistaken ideas, but ultimately her 1918 work Married Love was a seminal moment,
which recognised that women did indeed enjoy sex, that they could enjoy sex
without the worry of falling pregnant, and that Marie Stopes International has
helped and continues to help educating and empowering countless women about
bodily autonomy?
Eugenics was a product of its time, and grew out of mistaken
ideas from the findings of Charles Darwin in On the Origin of Species. People such as Darwin’s cousin, Francis
Galton, and the economist Herbert Spencer, first man to coin the phrase,
“Survival of the fittest”, misunderstood natural selection to mean that only
the strongest survive; a belief that became known as Social Darwinism. Galton particularly became the father of
Eugenics, and it had many followers across the political spectrum. Another firm adherent of Eugenics was George
Bernard Shaw, who in 1910 at a lecture for the Eugenics Education Society
stated, "A part of eugenic politics would finally land us in an extensive
use of the lethal chamber. A great many people would have to be put out of
existence simply because it wastes other people's time to look after
them." Likewise, Bertrand Russell
in ICARUS, or the Future of Science, wrote "But probably, in time,
opposition to the government will be taken to prove imbecility, so that rebels
of all kinds will be sterilized. Epileptics, consumptives, dipsomaniacs and so
on will gradually be included; in the end, there will be a tendency to include
all who fail to pass the usual school examinations. The result will be to
increase the average intelligence; in the long run, it may be greatly
increased." H.G. Wells, in the
American Journal of Sociology (Vol 10, 1904), wrote, "It is in the
sterilization of failure, and not in the selection of successes for breeding,
that the possibility of an improvement of the human stock lies."
Do we then take down the statues of George Bernard Shaw,
Bertrand Russell, and H.G. Wells? Do
we discount all the great things they did write? Should we indeed topple the Martian Tripod sculpture in Woking,
which represents one of the alien spacecraft from War of the Worlds, by H.G.
Wells?
These things are never easy, and it may surprise many on the
left to discover that many of their heroes are just as guilty of questionable
comments as those considered to be heroes of the political right. Even Karl Marx is not immune. A rabid anti-Semite who in his 1844 pamphlet
On the Jewish Question, wrote, "What is the worldly religion of the Jew?
Huckstering. What is his worldly God? Money. … Money is the jealous god of
Israel, in face of which no other god may exist." Marx also thought little of Mexicans, whom
he considered lazy and feckless; “Is it a misfortune that magnificent
California was seized from the lazy Mexicans who did not know what to do with
it?”
In 1977 the band The Stranglers released one of their most
successful songs, No More Heroes.
Songwriter Hugh Cornwell later said of the meaning in the song, “Don’t
have heroes. Be your own hero.” The message of this is that whatever heroes
we have will ultimately let you down.
This is a truth as much as it is for the left as it is for the
right. In recent years Mohandas Gandhi
has been exposed as an abusive husband.
John Lennon likewise horribly mistreated firstly Cynthia Powell, and
later Yoko Ono. Both of these may mar
forever the memory of these men, but it does not for one moment discredit their
nonviolent philosophy. And just how
happy would the left be with someone pulling down a statue of John Lennon or
Mohandas Gandhi?
Removing statues and plaques, and renaming streets is by no
means a new idea. Back to Edinburgh,
there was once a statue of the 16th century leader of the Protestant
Reformation, John Knox, outside the New College of Divinity. If you’ve seen the movie Chariots of Fire,
you will have seen actor Ian Charleston, playing Eric Liddel, saluting it as he
runs past on his way to his studies.
Today it is no longer there, but can still be seen inside St Giles
Cathedral on the Royal Mile. The statue
was removed due to the venomous anti-Catholic views and actions, and which
still fuel the sectarianism that is the scourge and shame of Scotland to this
day. Yet ironically, Knox himself was
once exiled from Scotland, which at one time saw him serve on a ship as a galley
slave.
I am all for removing statues, plaques, and street names of
those whose actions have directly led to the suffering and death of innocents,
and I am not for one moment convinced that retaining them would make us forget
history. The absence of statues of
Hitler in Germany does not mean we have forgotten the Nazis of World War
II. But where a statue cannot be
removed, then there should be plaques put up to tell the whole truth about the
individual involved. But this must be
the truth, thoroughly researched, and absolutely accurate.
But it needs more than this. There needs to be a more holistic approach, whereby children in schools are taught the whole truth. For the UK, this means teaching children the absolute truth about British imperialism, including its deficits, as well as its benefits. Too long children have been taught that Britain built an empire upon which the sun never set, where the white man went out and educated and civilised the “ignorant savages”. Likewise, it is way past time that schools in the USA started telling the truth about their slave-owning Founding Fathers, or indeed, the genocide and continuing mistreatment of Native American peoples, which no president, not even mixed-race Barack Obama, has ever properly addressed.
But it needs more than this. There needs to be a more holistic approach, whereby children in schools are taught the whole truth. For the UK, this means teaching children the absolute truth about British imperialism, including its deficits, as well as its benefits. Too long children have been taught that Britain built an empire upon which the sun never set, where the white man went out and educated and civilised the “ignorant savages”. Likewise, it is way past time that schools in the USA started telling the truth about their slave-owning Founding Fathers, or indeed, the genocide and continuing mistreatment of Native American peoples, which no president, not even mixed-race Barack Obama, has ever properly addressed.
But the moment we start discounting the artistic works of
people who have not personally hurt others, we go down a dangerous road
indeed. We need to recognise that some
people were a product of their times, and shared the uninformed ideas of those
times, which we cannot condemn in the 21st century, and even where
some views have been objectionable, that does not detract from their other
works.
And as Hugh Cornwell said, perhaps we need to stop having heroes - and start being our own heroes.
And as Hugh Cornwell said, perhaps we need to stop having heroes - and start being our own heroes.